The Field Of Social Work - 1532 Words

Katherine Pelaccio Dr. Kathleen Pressler Group Dynamics October 13, 2014 The field of social work touches the lives of every American. According to the National Association of Social Workers, â€Å"social work is the professional activity of helping individuals, groups, or communities to enhance or restore their capacity for social functioning and to create societal conditions favorable to their goals.†(Zastrow p.34) The focus or purpose of social work is to help meet the basic needs of people, especially those in need to obtain services; counseling and psychotherapy of individuals, families and groups; helping community and groups to provide or improve social and health services; and participate in the improvement and development of social†¦show more content†¦Social workers should aspire to contribute to the knowledge base of the profession.† (NASW) Social work is based on an understanding of knowledge, values and skills. Social workers wear many hats, and work with many different people, so therefore, they need to be experienced and knowledgeable in many different areas to effectively problem solve. Social workers must know how to work with people on the Micro, Mezzo and Macro levels. A social worker needs to understand different cultural values and the diverse differences in the people which they may be helping. They need to have a basic understanding of psychology, biology and public policy. They need to have an understanding of poverty and how it effects our society and what resources are available to those who might need them. A social worker should be very knowledgeable about the populations they are working with, what the needs of the client might be, what might help or hurt, and what resources may be available to better help those individuals or groups. The social worker should always be striving to learn, and to be as knowledgeable as possible in their area of practice. (NASW)(Zastrow) Some of the skills that are important to develop as a social worker are empathy, respect, authenticity, boundary setting, active listening, communication, social perceptiveness, self-awareness, organization, coordination, persuasion, advocacy, relaxation, and self-control. Empathy is

Fatty Acid Definition and Chemical Structure

In chemistry, there are a lot of terms that differentiate various compounds. You may come across the term fatty acid or monocarboxylic acid at some point in your science career. The definition of a fatty acid is an important term to know, as well as its aliases. Fatty Acid Definition: A fatty acid is a carboxylic acid with a long side chain of hydrocarbons. Most fatty acids contain an even number of carbon atoms in the hydrocarbon chain and follow the general molecular formula of CH3(CH2)xCOOH where x is the number of carbon atoms in the hydrocarbon chain. Also Known As: monocarboxylic acids

PR Plan for MS Clothing Free Essays

Introduction In recent years, Marks Spencer’s clothing sales have experienced a period of decline and have been involved in a large amount of discounting which has a negative impact on the profit margins within the department. The purpose of this PR plan is to consider an appropriate marketing and PR strategy that would lead to the turnaround of this ailing department. Aims and Objectives The primary aim of this PR and marketing agenda is essentially to reinvent the positioning of the MS clothing division, so that it is not forced into having to discount and is therefore able to maintain stronger profit margins. We will write a custom essay sample on PR Plan for MS Clothing or any similar topic only for you Order Now Historically, Marks Spencer’s has maintained a strong reputation for providing quality basics, without necessarily being at the cutting edge of fashion, with the establishment of additional ranges, aiming to have the impact of turning this perception around. Yet, the increased use of disposable fashion from the likes of Primark has put increasing pressure on companies such as Marks Spencer when it comes to retaining their market share (MacDonald, 2011). Despite this, the marketing campaign, â€Å"Leading Ladies†, has shown a slight turnaround of fortunes, indicating that a concerted effort within the PR and marketing area could indeed have a dramatic effect on this ailing area within MS (Marks and Spencer, 2014). Audience The audience is potentially one of the hardest things to identify, in terms of this overall PR plan, as Marks Spencer’s clothing covers such a potentially wider audience. It is suggested in this case, however, that by focusing on ladies wear, the overall agenda for the clothing department can be considered and looked at in the long run (Hackley, 2009). The target audience for this plan therefore is to focus on the fashion conscious, yet affluent 20 – 40 year old category. Attempting to compete with the prices of disposable fashion outlets is simply impractical; therefore, the focus needs to be on the high income a professional, fashionable women who also want their clothes to be excellent quality and durability. Message Linked to the chosen audience is the message that MS clothing products are providing quality, durable essentials that offer a sophisticated and professional look, with a touch of fashion that is not a disposable, cheap fashion product. One of the key problems which have been identified within the MS clothing range in recent years is that the cost of the product has simply not warranted the quality of fashion being provided, and the balance between quality and cost needs to be redressed (Parrish, 2010). Maintaining a strong quality is important. Yet, it is necessary for the fashionable element of the product to be brought to the forefront of this message, and this needs to be delivered clearly to the young, affluent audience. In order to achieve this MS is going to focus on the younger audience by engaging with young workers and students. Offering discounts and selecting the relevant media publications that aim at these people will be a crucial part of delivering this message. Communication Strategies Bearing in mind the message and the target audience in question, the choice of communication strategy will be particularly important when it comes to successfully providing this shift in emphasis and new marketing strategy. Given the chosen audience, the communication strategies also need to be aimed at a younger audience, using factors such as the internet and e-mail marketing, in order to portray a younger, more cutting-edge image. Establishing affiliations with third parties and appropriate magazines will also be important for encouraging potential consumers to view Marks Spencer clothing in a slightly different light. Events such as fashion shows and launches of product ranges in locations that are going to be targeting this new audience. Working with Universities and popular work areas in central towns will assist in this matter. Celebrity endorsement is also potentially going to assist in shifting the perceptions of Marks Spencer away from products which are slightly old and staid. By partnering with the appropriate celebrities and also appropriate events, the general perception of the company can be changed, over time, and this needs to be a relatively mid-term agenda for MS. Resource and Budget The overall size of MS and the ability to draw on financial resources from other departments such as the food and home department provides evidence of real opportunities in regard to spending a large amount on this revised PR and marketing approach that would be impossible for other organisations without the backing of these departments. In order to completely reinvent the perception around an organisation the size of MS will require a consistent and large resource, over a relatively prolonged period of time. In addition, however, it is proposed that a six-month time horizon be looked at, with the majority of the focus being placed on shifting the emphasis and eventually reinventing the product range. It is therefore suggested that a team of four marketing professionals should be given the agenda of achieving this plan as part of a specific six-month project (Hallbauer, 2008). Initially, it is proposed that a budget of ?260,000 will be provided on the basis of ?40,000 per month to cover the advertising in key locations and in order to ensure that the manpower is available in every store across the country. It is also recognised that having a strong celebrity endorsement may be very beneficial, the budget may need to be adjusted to reflect this. Evaluation Methods By looking at the current difficulties being faced by the MS clothing range, it can be seen that it is largely attached to the perception of individuals and the demands of the potential target audience. With this in mind, evaluating the marketing and PR agenda will not only involve looking at quantitative figures such as the change in sales, but more crucially at the changing perceptions of customers and potential customers. Also for this reason, at least initially, the necessary way to evaluate the PR agenda will be to undertake an analysis of customer perceptions and satisfaction of products. After the initial six-month period, it is anticipated that there will be shifting sales figures and therefore the evaluation methods used would need to alter to take this into account. It is, however, recognised that this marketing agenda will not completely change the fortunes of the company in a matter of weeks and evaluation methods need to be reflective of this gradual shift, if the agenda is not to be deemed a failure, at a fairly early stage (Newman Cullen, 2002). References Hackley, C, (2009) Advertising and Promotion: An Integrated Marketing Communications Approach, SAGE Publications Hallbauer, S, (2008) Retail Marketing and New Retail Idea – Marks and Spencer, GRIN Verlag MacDonald, G, (2011) For MS’s Bolland, Success is in the Detail, Retail Week, Available at: http://www.retail-week.com/city/for-mss-bolland-success-is-in-the-detail/5025603.article Marks and Spencer (2014) Available at: http://corporate.marksandspencer.com/investors/press_releases/only_m_s_marks_spencer_invites_you_to_meet_britains_leading_ladies Newman, A Cullen, P, (2002) Retailing: Environment Operations, Cengage Learning Parrish, E. (2010) Retailers’ use of niche marketing in product development. Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management, Vol. 14, No. 4, pp. 546-561 How to cite PR Plan for MS Clothing, Essay examples

The Doctrine of Capital Maintenance Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Doctrine of Capital Maintenance. Answer: The capital maintenance doctrine is the basic principal regulation orlaw of corporate law. It establishes the principals where a company must receive proper consideration for the shares and the amount of capital must paid to the members only who are shareholders as per the legislature. The company keeps the capital for the safety of the company creditors. The court assists for confirming that the share capital is using lawfully for buying the share for the company only (Bainbridge 2015). The doctrine was briefly describes in the landmark case Trevor v Whitworth (1887) where the House of Lords stated that a company could not keep its own shares, because it would decrease the capital of the company. This is also stated such affects that the members might not receive any capital without a deduction in capital as authorized by the court (Ferran Ho 2014). In the Flitcrofts Case, Jessel M.R. mentioned the above-mentioned essential features of the doctrine. It describes the essential attributes: a company has no rights to buy its own shares. Shareholders of a company are bound to the payments of dividends shares. It is restricted from providing any financial support to buy its own shares. Therefore, the doctrine also outlines the legal rules relating to the deduction in the company reserves or share capital. In Australia, the Capital Maintenance doctrine has contained in the Australian corporatelaw under section 256A, 256 C of the Corporations Act 2001. The provision duty of this act is to protect the interest of the creditors and the shareholders and ensuring fair dealings between them. Section 256 C of the Act stipulates that the share capital of a company can be redeemed provided the shareholders approve it and it does not hinder the ability of the company to make payments to them (Hamermesh 2014). In the sec 256C of the Corporation Act stated that the capital amount of share profit of the company must be decrease when the shareholder allows the capital amount. In 256B of the Corporation Act stated the exceptions of doctrines where company can reduce the share capital and the sec 257A allow the company to buy its own shares but there are some terms and conditions applied (Hannigan 2014). The exceptions applicable to the doctrine under section 256 B allow the company to reduce share capital of the company and section 257 A permits the company to buy back its own shares. The introduction of more transparent and effective capital system has outweighed the outdated capital system. It make sure the better protection to the creditors as it provides impartial and more accurate information to the creditors that allows the creditors to evaluate the capability of the company to pay debts. Reference Bainbridge, S. (2015).Corporate Law. West Academic. Ferran, E., Ho, L. C. (2014).Principles of corporate finance law. Oxford University Press. Hamermesh, L. A. (2014). Consent in Corporate Law. Hannigan, B. (2015).Company law. Oxford University Press, USA. Kawano, L. (2014). The dividend clientele hypothesis: Evidence from the 2003 tax act.American Economic Journal: Economic Policy,6(1), 114-136. Lazonick, W. (2014). Profits without prosperity.Harvard Business Review,92(9), 46-55. Levy, A. B. (2013).Private corporations and their control(Vol. 11). Routledge. Petty, J. W., Titman, S., Keown, A. J., Martin, P., Martin, J. D., Burrow, M. (2015).Financial management: Principles and applications. Pearson Higher Education AU.